ABBYY Lingvo Dictionaries for iOS

Universal Spanish Dictionary, 3rd Edition. © ABBYY and partners 2004. 170000 entries.

Completely updated, the third edition of the Universal Spanish Dictionary contains the very latest vocabulary in both languages, placing it at the forefront of bilingual works. Authoritative coverage of over 170,000 words and phrases, and over 240,000 translations is given in this accessible and easy to use reference. It also contains notes on the life and culture of countries of the Spanish-speaking world.

The Universal Dictionary of English. © 2005 ABBYY and partners

The The Universal Dictionary of English includes the very latest vocabulary with 355,000 words, phrases and definitions, 12,000 encyclopaedic entries and 68,000 explanations

Universal French Dictionary, 3rd Edition. © ABBYY and partners 2004. 175000 entries.

Completely updated to include the very latest vocabulary, the third edition of the Universal French Dictionary is at the forefront when it comes to bilingual works. Quick and easy to use, it gives authoritative coverage of over 175,000 words and phrases, and over 270,000 translations. A must for serious language students, it also includes informative cultural notes on life in the French-speaking world.

Universal German Dictionary, 3rd Edition. © ABBYY and partners 2005. 150000 entries.

The third edition of the Universal German Dictionary is a recognised leader for bilingual dictionaries. Updated to include the very latest vocabulary, it contains hundreds of new words in each language. Authoritative coverage is given for over 150,000 words and phrases, and over 250,000 translations. It also provides information on life and culture in the German-speaking world and notes on language usage and construction.

Universal Italian Dictionary, 3rd Edition. © 2003 ABBYY and partners. 175000 entries.

The Universal Italian Dictionary is derived from the landmark full-length bilingual dictionary to give the most comprehensive dictionary of its size. Including the very latest vocabulary across a wide range of subject areas, authoritative coverage is given for over 175,000 words and phrases, and over 290,000 translations. Clear and easy to use, it also contains advice on grammar and usage.

AMERICANA II: English-Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary. Edited by Prof. G.V. Chernov. © M.V. Vasyanin, O.N. Grishina, I.V. Zubanova, A.N. Natarov, Y.B. Sannikova, O.A. Tarkhanova, G.V. Chernov, S.G. Chernov; 2005. 21,000 entries.

AMERICANA II contains over 21,000 articles on the history of the United States, its government and institutions, literature, art, geography, famous people, and other trivia about American life. This Dictionary will be useful to linguists, translators, historians, political scientists, economists, sociologists, business people, journalists, students, and all those interested in American life and culture. This Dictionary is available in electronic form only. The authors believe that it will help to update the Dictionary entries on a regular basis.

The Grammatical English-Russian Dictionary. © ABBYY, 2004. 500 entries.

Compiled by ABBYY's lexicographers, LingvoGrammar (En-Ru) is an A to Z guide to English grammar.
LingvoGrammar is organized hierarchically: the root entry is Grammar, which has links to six major grammar topics -- Parts of Speech, Syntax, Speech Situations, American and British English, Spelling, and Punctuation. These, in turn, link to smaller articles. Links to parent entries are marked with an upward-pointing arrow.
The entry headings fall into two categories: grammar terms (e.g. Present Continuous), where the first word is capitalized, and lexemes with peculiar grammatical behaviour (e.g. most), which are printed in lower case. The body of an entry describes the grammatical phenomenon in question or the behaviour of the lexeme. Examples of incorrect usage are marked with an asterisk.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Wine. © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2005. 940 entries.

This Dictionary is the first specialized dictionary which covers the language of production and consumption of wine. The Dictionary contains the names of common and rare wines, different sorts of vine, wine-making regions and wine producers, as well as terms used to describe a wine's taste and other qualities.
The Dictionary is of great help for those who would like to read and understand everything that is printed on labels of Russian and foreign wines.

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Accounting and Audit. © ABBYY, 2006; © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2006. 5,000 entries.

This Dictionary has been created by ABBYY and the Saint Petersburg School of Economics (Ekonomicheskaya shkola) as part of the joint Economicus project.
Its 5,000 entries cover the key areas of accounting as practised in English-speaking countries, including financial, management, and tax accounting. The Dictionary includes auditing terminology, names of organizations in charge of national and international accounting standards, and names of related laws and acts.
The Dictionary has been reviewed by experts from the Institute of Professional Accountants of Russia (http://ipbr.ru) and MCD (http://mcd-pkf.com), a leading consultancy.
Edited by Y.N. Borisova and M.A. Storchevoy
3rd ed., revised and updated

KD English-Chinese(Simplified) Dictionary

KD English-Chinese(Simplified) Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD Basic Chinese(Simplified)-English Dictionary

KD Basic Chinese (Simplified)-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Chinese (Simplified) words and phrases and their translations to English.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

Dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance. © 2010 la Maison du dictionnaire / Dicoland, Jean-Daniel Katz. 30 000 words and expressions.

A high level dictionary of more than 30 000 words and expressions including fields of Law (international, intellectual Property as well as civil, commercial and Labor), Politics, Economics and Finance. The dictionary dedicates many entries to Drugs (consumption, healing, repression, composition etc.). This dictionary will be of great help to translators, lawyers, public relations professionals etc.

Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms © 2006 ABBYY and partners. 140,000 alternative and opposite words

Authoritative, accessible, and completely up to date, The Universal Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms is an invaluable guide for anyone wanting to build their vocabulary and improve their writing skills. Over 140,000 alternative and opposite words are given with the closest, most frequently used synonyms listed first; in addition thousands of real-life examples of usage from the English Corpus enable the reader to pinpoint the relevant word quickly and easily.

Dictionary of Accounting © 2007 ABBYY and partners, 3500 entries

This authoritative dictionary will be invaluable to a range of students and professionals in the fields of accounting and finance. Over 3,500 entries provide comprehensive coverage of financial accounting, management accounting, direct taxation, indirect taxation, auditing, corporate finance, and accounting bodies and institutions. Coverage is international, and includes important terms from US accounting. Substantially updated and expanded, this new edition includes a wealth of invaluable added features including worked examples of difficult concepts, web links, and expanded feature entries on key topics.

Dictionary of Business and Management © 2007 ABBYY and partners, 6700 entries

The Dictionary of Business and Management is a wide-ranging and informative guide to all areas of business. It features up-to-date coverage of over 6,700 terms from marketing to taxation and accounting, business strategy and international finance. US business terms are covered, as well as financial jargon. The new, fourth edition of this established bestseller has been updated to include terms relating to human resources and management, reflecting the growing focus on these areas in modern business.

Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition. © 2007 ABBYY and partners, 2500 entries

This fully up-to-date edition provides comprehensive definitions of over 2,500 economic terms. Covering all aspects of economic theory, from microeconomics to public finance and international trade, organizations, and institutions. Clear and jargon-free definitions provide an indispensable source of reference for school and university students of economics and related fields, as well as for anyone who comes into contact with the vocabulary of economics. Up-to-date entries on topics such as e-commerce and the Euro have been added. Mathematical and statistical terms widely used in economics, as well as words from related areas such as business and finance, are widely covered.

Dictionary of Finance and Banking © 2007 ABBYY and partners, 5000 entries

This accessible guide is a perfect source of reference for all those with an interest in finance, providing a companion volume to Dictionary of Business and Dictionary of Accounting. Invaluable for students and professionals in the fields of finance and banking, it is also ideal for private investors and readers of the financial pages. Fully revised for its third edition, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dictionary of finance available. The entries in the new edition cover the vocabulary used in banking, money markets, foreign exchanges, public and government finance, and private investment and borrowing, as well as much more. The coverage in all areas is wide and international.

Dictionary of Law © 2007 ABBYY and partners, 4300 entries

This best-selling dictionary is a comprehensive source of clear, jargon-free legal information. It focuses primarily on English law and provides a one-stop source of information for any of the many countries that base their legal system on English law. Over 4,300 entries define and explain the major terms, concepts, processes, and organization of the legal system.

Medical Dictionary © 2009 ABBYY and partners, 11000 entries

This best-selling and market-leading dictionary contains over 11,000 clear and concise entries, covering all aspects of medical science. Written by a team of medical experts, the entries are accessible and jargon-free, and complemented by over 140 illustrations and diagrams. The 7th edition has been fully revised and updated to cover changes in this fast-moving field. Entries on techniques and equipment, drugs, general medical practice, health service organization, and treatment have all been reviewed, and updated where necessary. The dictionary has also been expanded in many areas, notably medical ethics, clinical governance, emergency medicine, pathology, and diagnosis.

Concise Universal American Thesaurus. © 2006 ABBYY and partners. 15,000 entries. 350,000 Synonyms.

This new thesaurus is an essential tool for everyone who needs to write quickly, clearly, and well. A convenient and complete thesaurus for school, work, and home, The Concise Universal American Thesaurus includes more than 15,000 main entries and over 350,000 synonyms, sample sentences and phrases for virtually every sense. Synonym Studies that show the subtle differences in meaning among a group of easily confused words are included. All American dictionaries use an easy-to-use respelling system to show how entries are pronounced. It uses simple, familiar markings to represent common American English sounds.

Dictionary of Engineering, architecture and construction – materials & technologies, 2nd edition © 2007 la Maison du dictionnaire / Dicoland, Serge Eric Bon 60 000 words and expressions

From A like “abacus”, “above grade structure”, “acoustic covering” to Z like “Z purlin”, “zero point correction” and “zoning map”, this technical dictionary of high level will meet the needs of translators as well of all those who study and work in civil engineering and construction fields. More than 60 000 words and expressions.

KD English-German Dictionary

KD English-German
Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Chinese(Simplified) translations 1986-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD German-English Dictionary

KD German-English Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Greek translations 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Spanish Dictionary

KD English-Spanish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Greek translations 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Spanish-English Dictionary

KD Spanish-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Spanish words and phrases and their translations to English.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Norwegian translations 1998 H. Aschehoug & Co and Kunnskapsforlaget.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-French Dictionary

KD English-French Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Turkish translations 1989-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic French-English Dictionary

KD Basic French-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of French words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Italian Dictionary

KD English-Italian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Danish translations 2004 K Dictionaries and Kielikone.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Italian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Italian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Spanish words and phrases and their translations to English.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Polish Dictionary

KD English-Polish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Icelandic translations 1996 Mál og menning.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

The New Universal Dictionary of American English. © 2005 ABBYY and partners

The New Universal Dictionary of American English provides over 250,000 entries and definitions. To provide clarity, entries are organised around core meanings and are supplemented by illustrative examples of usage.

The Dictionary of Great Britain. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2003, Adrian R.W. Room. 10,000 entries.

This is a new edition of the Dictionary of Great Britain which was first published in 1978. Much of the Dictionary has been revised to reflect the changes that have taken place in British life and institutions. Many of the words included in the Dictionary are proper names -- names of companies, organizations, societies, media companies, newspapers, magazines, TV programmes, and culture centres. Entries are provided with extensive statistics and comments, including circulations of newspapers, numbers of students in colleges and universities, etc.
Many entries include etymology, stylistic labels, and other linguistic information. Stress is indicated in phrases. The aim of this dictionary is to help people outside Great Britain to gain a deeper understanding of English texts, to see the “full picture” and grasp nuances and cultural allusions. The dictionary has been compiled by Adrian Room in collaboration with Russian experts.

The New Dictionary of Contemporary Informal English. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2003, S.A. Glazunov. 16,000 entries.

The Dictionary includes more than 16,000 entries and about 45,000 words and expressions translated into Russian. This is the first serious attempt to translate British and American slang, colloquial, and taboo expressions into colloquial Russian. The English words have been gathered from British and American dictionaries, fiction, broadcasts, videos, and the media. Entries are provided with detailed grammar, style, and regional labels.
There are no translations for headwords per se, since, taken out of context, they would not be of much help to the reader. Instead, the author has elected to explicate the idiomatic meaning by translating speech utterances which provide sufficient context. In some cases, the author has chosen not to follow closely the original but to convey only its general meaning, and in the case of vulgar and taboo expressions, some translations will inevitably look “bowdlerized” for ethical reasons. Since this Dictionary is not intended as a primer for novice drug users, names of drugs and substances are replaced with general terms which do not refer to their actual chemical composition.
Translations in this Dictionary often show how various means can be used to express one and the same idea in Russian. The Dictionary will prove an invaluable reference book for translators, linguists, and all those who wish to master the English language.

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Financial Management. © ABBYY, 2006; © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2006. 5,000 entries.

The Dictionary has been created by ABBYY and the Saint Petersburg School of Economics (Ekonomicheskaya shkola) as part of the joint Economicus project. Its 5,000 entries cover the language of financial management: shareholders' funds, borrowed capital, current capital management, investment, financial planning and analysis, mergers and acquisitions, names of related laws and acts, and other terminology regularly used by financial professionals.
The Dictionary has been reviewed by professors of the Department of Management of Saint Petersburg University, one of the leading business schools in Russia. (http://www.som.pu.ru).
Edited by Y.N. Malyarevskaya and M.A. Storchevoy
3rd ed., revised and updated

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Financial Markets. © ABBYY, 2006; © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2006. 9,000 entries.

The Dictionary has been created by ABBYY and the Saint Petersburg School of Economics. Its 9,000 entries cover the language of currency markets, stock markets and commodity markets, including the terms of fundamental and technical analysis and related legal terms.
The Dictionary has been reviewed by experts of the National Association of Stock Market Players (NAUFOR, http://naufor.ru), Russia's largest professional association of brokers.
Edited by T.E. Apanasenko and M.A. Storchevoy.
3rd ed., revised and updated

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Management and Labour Economics. © ABBYY, 2006; © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2006. 8,500 entries.

The Dictionary has been created by ABBYY and the Saint Petersburg School of Economics (Ekonomicheskaya shkola) as part of the joint Economicus project.
Its 8,500 entries cover the language of human resource management and labour economics. Detailed treatment is given to British and American labour law.
Edited by M.A. Storchevoy.
3rd ed., revised and updated

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Marketing and Commerce. © ABBYY, 2006; © Ekonomicheskaya shkola, 2006. 12,000 entries.

The Dictionary has been created by ABBYY and the Saint Petersburg School of Economics (Ekonomicheskaya shkola) as part of the joint Economicus project. Its 12,000 entries cover the language of marketing, commerce, advertising, warehousing, theory of consumer behaviour and other related areas. Detailed treatment is given to British and American commercial law.
Edited by M.A. Storchevoy.
3rd ed., revised and updated

KD English-Chinese(Traditional) Dictionary

KD English-Chinese (Traditional) Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Chinese(Traditional) translations 2001-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Chinese(Traditional)-English Dictionary

KD Basic Chinese (Traditional)-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Chinese (Traditional) words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Czech Dictionary

KD English-Czech Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Czech translations 2001-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Czech-English Dictionary

KD Basic Czech-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Czech words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Danish Dictionary

KD English-Danish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Danish translations 2004 K Dictionaries and Kielikone.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Danish-English Dictionary

KD Basic Danish-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Danish words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Greek Dictionary

KD English-Greek Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Greek translations 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Hungarian Dictionary

KD English-Hungarian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Hungarian translations 1989-2007 K Dictionaries and 2003 Nemzeti Tankönivkiadó.
Copyright © for this electronic version 2008 ABBYY.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Hungarian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Hungarian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Hungarian words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Icelandic Dictionary

KD English-Icelandic Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Icelandic translations 1996 Mál og menning.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Icelandic-English Dictionary

KD Basic Icelandic-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Icelandic words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Lithuanian Dictionary

KD English-Lithuanian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Lithuanian translations 1994-2000 Alma littera Leidykla.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Lithuanian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Lithuanian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Lithuanian words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Latvian Dictionary

KD English-Latvian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Latvian translations 1996-2002 Zvaigzne ABC Publishers.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Latvian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Latvian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Latvian words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Norwegian Dictionary

KD English-Norwegian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Norwegian translations 1998 H. Aschehoug & Co and Kunnskapsforlaget.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Norwegian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Norwegian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Norwegian words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Portuguese (Portugal) Dictionary

KD English-Portuguese (Portugal) Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Portuguese(Portugal) translations 1990 K Dictionaries.
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KD English-Portuguese (Brazil) Dictionary

KD English-Portuguese (Brazil) Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Portuguese (Brazil) translations 1990 K Dictionaries and 1991-2007 Livraria Martins Fontes Editora.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Portuguese(Brazilian)-English Dictionary

KD Basic Portuguese(Brazilian)-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Portuguese words and phrases and their translations to English.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Romanian Dictionary

KD English-Romanian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
Copyright © in the Romanian translations 2005 Editura Niculescu.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Slovak Dictionary

KD English-Slovak Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Slovak translations 1993-2004 Slovenské pedagogické nakladatel'stvo.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Slovak-English Dictionary

KD Basic Slovak-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Slovak words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Slovenian Dictionary

KD English-Slovenian Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright in the English entries © 1985 and 1986 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright in the Slovenian translations © 1999 DZS d.d., Založništvo literature.
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We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Slovenian-English Dictionary

KD Basic Slovenian-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Slovenian words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Turkish Dictionary

KD English-Turkish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Turkish translations 1989-2007 K Dictionaries.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Basic Turkish-English Dictionary

KD Basic Turkish-English Dictionary includes an up-to-date vocabulary of Turkish words and phrases and their translations to English. The Dictionary contains 20 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Finnish Dictionary

KD English-Finnish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Finnish translations 1993 WSOY.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Dutch Dictionary

KD English-Dutch Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Dutch translations 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD English-Swedish Dictionary

KD English-Swedish Dictionary is based on the semi-bilingual approach to lexicography for foreign language learners developed by Lionel Kernerman, and is part of the Kernerman Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries international series. The entries include a definition and example for each sense and a translation for each meaning. The English dictionary core is based on Chambers Concise Usage Dictionary and includes new entries by K Dictionaries. The translations are made by K Dictionaries and partners worldwide. The Dictionary contains 24 000 words and phrases.

Copyright © in the English entries 1985 W&R Chambers and 1987-2007 K Dictionaries.

Copyright © in the Swedish translations 2000 Studentlitteratur.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.
We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

Collins Chinese Dictionary, 2nd Edition 2006 © HarperCollins Publishers 2005, 2006
36,000 headwords, 68,500 references, 95,000 translations.
The Collins Chinese Dictionary Plus is designed for intermediate learners of Chinese or English up to university level and beyond.
The Collins Chinese Dictionary Plus offers extensive coverage of today's English and Chinese, with thousands of phrases and examples guiding the user to the most appropriate translation. It contains detailed language and cultural notes throughout.

Collins Polish English Dictionary © Polish material the Jacek Fisiak, Arleta Adamska-Sałaciak, Michał Jankowski, Mariusz Idzikowski 1996, 2006 © All other material HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 1996, 2006 © Compilation HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 1996, 2006

"Collins Polish English Dictionary" is an up-to-date dictionary and a user-friendly grammar guide in one portable volume. Colour headwords and a comprehensive supplement on Polish and English grammar make this book ideal for intermediate learners.
"Collins Polish English Dictionary" is designed for intermediate learners whether at school, home, or for business. 80,000 references and 120,000 translations will help those learning Polish or English take their language skills to the next level.
"Collins Polish English Dictionary" offers extensive and relevant coverage of today’s Polish and English, with thousands of phrases and examples guiding the user to the most appropriate translation.

Russian-English Sports Dictionary. © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2006, I.V. Nechaev. 9,000 words and phrases

The dictionary includes over 9,000 words and phrases for the most popular sports. The dictionary reflects changes in sports terminology associated with the influx of English words into this realm. In some cases, the American spelling variant is also provided. In appendix, the most common referee commands are presented along with the list of major international sports organizations.
The dictionary is intended for sportsmen, coaches, sports journalists and a wide sports audience

English-Russian Index to the Russian-English Sports Dictionary*. 7,700 words

Comprehensive English-Russian and Russian-English Learner's Dictionary of Collocations. © M.R. Kaul, S.S. Hidekel, 2010

The Comprehensive English-Russian and Russian-English Learner's Dictionary of Collocations is the product of the author's method of compilation of learner's dictionaries comprehensively describing the English language system for Russian-speaking (thinking in Russian) students learning English. The main principles of the method: - focus on a specific student (thinking in Russian); - vocabulary selection based on frequency; - semantic structure of words based on frequency; - presentation of vocabulary items in phrases; - commentaries to entries (4 types) based on Russian-English contrastive and comparative studies; - translation variants; - applications of linguistic content; - Russian-English glossary (reverse dictionary). Total volume of over 200 author's sheets The dictionary is a decoding and coding learner's dictionary, i.e. it explains the included words' meanings and additionally teaches thinking in the foreign language as well as formulating/coding of a thought in Russian using the English language. Various comparative commentaries serve the same purpose. The authors rely on the theories of phrases, their models and concepts of the lexical items' cognitive frame. These subjects form the theoretical basis reflected in the structure of the dictionary's entries.

Concise English-Russian Dictionary of Expressive Formulae: From Text to Context / V.S. Modestov. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2008.

This completely new type of reference book includes English colloquial set phrases and idioms (the majority of which convey some sort of emotion), interjections, slang words, neologisms, and advertising slogans, i.e. the kind of language material not readily available in ordinary dictionaries.
The Dictionary is intended for learners and teachers of English at all levels, for translators, and for learners and teachers of Russian in English-speaking countries.

English Proverbs and Sayings with Their Russian Equivalents / V.S. Modestov © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2007.

The book includes over 3,000 English proverbs, sayings, and idioms together with their Russian equivalents or translations. At the end of the book there is an alphabetical list of the Russian proverbs. The number next to each proverb in the list indicates the relevant English entry. The book is intended for learners of English, school and university teachers, and translators. It may also prove useful to learners and teachers of Russian in English-speaking countries.

English: yesterday, today, tomorrow / Brian Lockett. © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2005

The dictionary's author introduces the student to interesting English words and phrases, which sometimes are missing in ordinary dictionaries: neologisms, slang expressions, euphemisms. Origins of a word or a phrase are given along with the Russian translation and necessary explanations.
For translators, teachers, school children and students learning English as well as a wide audience.

Collins French Electronic Dictionary, 6th edition 2010 © HarperCollins Publishers 2005. 86000 Headwords, 175000 References, 234000 Translations. Collins French Electronic Dictionary is an up-to-date dictionary that was designed for all intermediate and advanced learners of French, whether at school, at home, or for business. It has been revised and updated to offer extensive and relevant coverage of today's English and French, with thousands of phrases and examples guiding the user to the most appropriate translation.

Collins German Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 7th edition 2007 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007. 192000 Headwords, 353000 References, 494000 Translations. Comprehensive and authoritative, Collins German Dictionary is ideal for advanced learners of German. Based on the evidence of unique multi-million word databases of real language, the dictionary includes all the latest vocabulary from a wide range of fields and provides in-depth explanations of the most complex words. The dictionary also includes cultural notes for German-speaking countries.

Collins Cobuild Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. New Digital Edition 2008 © HarperCollins Publishers 2008 Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary offers learners of English detailed coverage of today’s language. Written in simple, natural English, this dictionary is exceptionally easy to use and understand. The examples, which have all been taken from the Bank of English®, part of the prestigious Collins Word Web, are invaluable in providing context for words and phrases. The user will also have quick and easy access to grammatical information and additional information on synonyms, pragmatics and frequency. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary - the complete reference tool for learners of English. Bank of English® is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.

Collins English Dictionary. 8th Edition first published in 2006 © HarperCollins Publishers 1979, 1986, 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006. 120,000 entries. Collins English Dictionary is a rich source of words for everyone who loves language. Not only is the dictionary comprehensive and authoritative, but it also offers outstanding coverage of world, regional and dialect English. Including a much wider range of words than ever before, the extensive coverage of geographical, scientific, and technical entries has been updated by Collins' team of leading academic experts. Fully-revised language notes give advice on using the right word in the right place, and thousands of word histories trace the roots of modern English.

Collins Italian Dictionary. © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2005. 91000 entries. Collins Italian Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for learners of Italian. It has been completely revised and updated with thousands of new references to cover all the latest vocabulary, culture notes to broaden users' knowledge of Italian culture, and web addresses to enable further research. The 'Language in Use' supplement provides a full guide to written and oral communication in Italian.

Event Industry Dictionary. ©2007 la Maison du dictionnaire / Dicoland, Bernard Guiraud. 6 000 terms and expressions. The aim of this 6 000 terms and expressions dictionary, intended primarily for meeting industry & marketing professionals, is to present an overview of vocabulary is this field: from A like “Abstract”, “Acoustic panel” and “Acting coach”  to Z like “zone time” and “zoom forward”. More than a hundred sentences of the various facets of international conferences: accommodation and transport, food and beverage, exhibition, congress, gala dinner, cultural activities, public relations, Internet connections etc.

"Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged, 2009 (9th ed.) © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2009. 142000 Headwords, 310000 References, 442000 Translations.

Now updated to include thousands of the newest words, the world's leading large Spanish dictionary remains the ideal dictionary for advanced learners and professionals using Spanish. Based on evidence from a multimillion-word corpus, with extensive notes on Spanish language, grammar and culture and a wealth of idioms and examples, it is the largest Spanish dictionary on the market."

©William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1988 ©HarperCollins Publishers 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009. 28500 Headwords, 38500 References, 60000 Translations.

Collins Gem French Dictionary, 2009 (10th edition) Collins Gem French Dictionary is the ideal reference guide for travellers, students, business people and the general user alike. This multimillion-selling dictionary has all the latest words reflecting changes in modern lifestyle, special treatment of key words, notes on aspects of French and culture, warnings on commonly confused words and special treatment of difficult words.

Collins Gem Spanish Dictionary, 2009 (8th edition) ©William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1982, 1989 ©HarperCollins Publishers 1993, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2009. 30000 Headwords, 38000 References, 57000 Translations.

The Collins Gem Spanish Dictionary has been designed to give travellers, students, business people and the general user alike all the information they need. It includes all the latest words reflecting changes in modern lifestyle, special treatment of key words, cultural notes and warnings on confusable words.

Collins Gem German Dictionary, 2009 (10th edition) © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009. 42500 Headwords, 50500 References, 65500 Translations.

Celebrating its 30th anniversary, this latest edition of Collins' multimillion-selling dictionary is the perfect choice for anyone needing a portable, up-to-the-minute German dictionary, particularly ideal for travellers. With newly added words, especially from the field of technology, special treatment of difficult words and notes about life in German-speaking countries.

"English-Russian Restaurant Dictionary, more than 3500 entries. © 2012 ABBYY Press It will help you understand and translate into Russian an English menu in a restaurant or a cafe. The Dictionary contains English names of various dishes and drinks offered in the menus of the European countries, the UK and the USA. Moreover, the Dictionary includes names of ingredients, food products, terms for cooked products and concoction, catering and serving. Many dictionary entries include useful explanations, i.e. short descriptions of dishes, and features of products. In addition to English names, the Dictionary includes names and terms in French, Italian and other languages. According to one of restaurant traditions, even in an English menu spelling of a dish name (or the manner of its cooking) is kept in the language of the country of origin. Thus, the Dictionary will help you understand any menu of almost any restaurant - no matter what kind of cuisine is represented in it. Menus of restaurants from different parts of the world were used in creation of the Dictionary. The Dictionary is designed primarily for tourists visiting restaurants and cafes. It will also be useful for restaurant personnel, translators and all English language learners."

The dictionary covers all levels of vocabulary, from formal English to slang, presenting common meanings first, according to frequency rather than in historical order. It consists of 130,000 words and expressions, covering well over 200,000 senses. The entries include word usage guidance with clear explanations, sample sentences and pronunciations, as well as etymological information, and there are sections on biographical and geographical entries.

The Comprehensive German-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, E.I. Leping, N.P. Strachowa, N.I. Filitschewa et al. Edited by O.I. Moskalskaja. 180,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains 180,000 words and expressions, 260,000 meanings, 200,000 illustrative examples, and 550,000 translations. This is the most comprehensive dictionary of its kind published in the second half of the 20th century. The Dictionary includes the most common terms related to economics, space exploration, computer science, the media, construction, culture, as well as the general word stock. Neologisms are provided with comments and illustrative examples wherever required.
The Dictionary contains a list of German and international organizations and a list of abbreviations.
The Dictionary is intended for philologists, linguists, translators, teachers, university students, and all those who read German texts in the original. German students of Russian will also find it useful.

The Russian-German Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, M.J. Zwilling. 150,000 words and expressions.
This is a completely new dictionary at the cutting edge of modern lexicography. The Dictionary contains 150,000 Russian words and expressions and their German equivalents.
The Dictionary reflects the changes that have taken place in Russia and Germany in the past decades.
This is a college-size dictionary designed to be used in for general conversations. The Dictionary is intended primarily for university students, school pupils and all those who wish to improve their German. Businessmen working with German partners will also find this Dictionary useful.

The New French-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganchina. 70,000 entries.

The New French-Russian Dictionary is the most comprehensive French-Russian dictionary currently available on the market. The dictionary contains more than 70,000 entries and 200,000 words and expressions. The Dictionary reflects the French language as spoken today and includes many words and expressions that are ususally labelled as argot or taboo, but are now commonly used in fiction and in the media. The Dictionary is based on the latest French monolingual dictionaries and includes all the words from Petit Robert and Petit Larousse, the best single-volume French dictionaries.
Detailed entries contain idioms and terms, supplied with grammar, style and usage labels. Pronunciation and spelling peculiarities are also indicated wherever required. The Dictionary is intended for linguists and for all those interested in the French language. This is a companion volume to the Active French-Russian Dictionary by V.G. Gak and J, Triomphe, which was specifically designed for French-speaking students of Russian.

The Comprehensive Russian-French Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, L. Scerba, M. Matoussevitch, T.P. Vorontsova et al. 200,000 words and expressions.
This Dictionary is a revised and updated edition of the well-known Russian-French Dictionary by L. Scerba and M. Matoussevitch, which was first published in 1935. The compilers have remained faithful to the principles laid down by L. Scerba and have tried to preserve the original structure and organization of the entries.
This is the largest Russian-French dictionary ever compiled and includes more than 200,000 words and expressions of contemporary Russian, many idioms, scientific terms and words widely used in the media. The Dictionary includes many terms related to world religions and cultures. For French translations, the compilers have relied on the latest French dictionaries. Compared to the first edition, the number of words in this volume has grown two-fold. The compilers selected illustrative examples so as to reflect the various aspects of modern Russian usage.
The Dictionary is intended for linguists, translators, teachers, and university students. French students of Russian may also find it useful.

The New Comprehensive Italian-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, G.F. Zorco. 300,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains more than 300,000 words and phrases of contemporary Italian. Detailed entries contain extensive information about collocations and idioms. The Dictionary offers good coverage of scientific, media, technical, and sports terms.
The Dictionary is intended for linguists, translators, teachers, and students of Italian. The Dictionary can also be used by Italian students of Russian.

The New Comprehensive Russian-Italian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2006, A.B. Kanestri. 220,000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary contains 220,000 words and phrases of contemporary Russian and their Italian equivalents. The compiler aimed to include as many word senses, collocations and set expressions as the space allowed. Wide coverage is given to scientific, technical, business, and socio-political terms.
The dictionary is intended for translators, teachers, and students of Italian at university level.

The Universal English-Russian Dictionary. © ABBYY, 2008. 100,000 entries.

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, the Dictionary was first published in 1990 and was a new word in lexicography. It was the first dictionary to combine the features of a bilingual translation dictionary and a monolingual dictionary and was specifically designed for electronic storage and retrieval. Most of the entries are supplied with detailed explanations, comments, and illustrative examples, and many provide synonyms and antonyms for the headword.
LingvoUniversal can be successfully used to translate texts from English into Russian, and to write texts in English. The meanings are supplied with numerous examples which, coupled with the powerful full-text search facility, not only serve illustrative purposes but are an invaluable source of linguistic information.
The Dictionary is regularly updated to reflect language change. New additions include colloquial and taboo words, without which he lexicographic picture of contemporary English would have been incomplete.

The New Comprehensive Russian-English Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, D.I. Yermolovich, T.M. Krasavina. 110,000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary contains 110,000 words and phrases of contemporary Russian and is the most comprehensive Russian-English dictionary currently available on the market. The authors developed an entry structure to present word and phrase senses in detail. The Dictionary also contains words that came into the Russian language in the course of the last two decades, including new terms, and a large portion of colloquial and everyday words and phrases that do not appear in any other dictionary. Modern usage was observed when selecting English equivalents. This is the first Russian lexicographic work to explicitly label equivalents as belonging to British or to American English.
The Dictionary is intended for translators, language teachers and students at university level, researchers, and students of Russian as a foreign language.

The Universal English-Russian Dictionary. © ABBYY, 2008. 100,000 entries.

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, the Dictionary was first published in 1990 and was a new word in lexicography. It was the first dictionary to combine the features of a bilingual translation dictionary and a monolingual dictionary and was specifically designed for electronic storage and retrieval. Most of the entries are supplied with detailed explanations, comments, and illustrative examples, and many provide synonyms and antonyms for the headword.
LingvoUniversal can be successfully used to translate texts from English into Russian, and to write texts in English. The meanings are supplied with numerous examples which, coupled with the powerful full-text search facility, not only serve illustrative purposes but are an invaluable source of linguistic information.
The Dictionary is regularly updated to reflect language change. New additions include colloquial and taboo words, without which he lexicographic picture of contemporary English would have been incomplete.

The Universal Russian-English Dictionary © ABBYY, 2005. 85,000 entries

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, Universal (Ru-En) is a sister dictionary to Universal (En-Ru). The Dictionary has been revised and updated to include more words and phrases specific to Russian life and culture. 8th ed., revised and updated

The French-Russian Dictionary (Concise Edition). © O.V. Raievskaia, 2001. 20,000 entries.

The Dictionary has beeen compiled to meet the needs of those who start studying the French language. The Dictionary contains the most common words and expressions, and widely-used terms. Polysemantic words are represented by their most frequent meanings.
Grammatical aspects of words as well as the necessary comments have been kept to the minimum which fits the nature of the dictionary.

The Russian-French Dictionary (Concise Edition). © O.V. Raievskaia, 2000. 15,000 entries.

The Dictionary has beeen compiled to meet the needs of those who start studying the French language. The Dictionary contains the most common words and expressions, and widely-used terms. Polysemantic words are represented by their most frequent meanings.
Grammatical aspects of words as well as the necessary comments have been kept to the minimum which fits the nature of the dictionary.

The Modern German-Russian Dictionary. © E.L. Rimaschewskaja, 5th impression, 1999. 60,000 words and expressions.

The 60,000 entries of this Dictionary cover the most important meanings of the most common words and expressions of the contemporary German language. The Dictionary can be equally helpful to users with different levels of language experience.

The Modern Russian-German Dictionary. © E.L. Rimaschewskaja, 5th impression, 1999. 40,000 words and expressions.

The 40,000 entries of this Dictionary cover the most important meanings of the most common words and expressions of the contemporary German language. The Dictionary can be equally helpful to users with different levels of language experience.

The Universal English-Russian Dictionary (Concise Edition). © ABBYY, 2003. 39,000 entries.

This Dictionary contains about 39,000 words and expressions. It has been compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers who have selected the most common and needed words and meanings from LingvoUniversal.
ABBYY specialists have kept all the basic principles of dictionary structure and entry organization, thus LingvoEssential retains all the functionality of LingvoUniversal.

The Universal Russian-English Dictionary (Concise Edition). © ABBYY, 2003. 43,000 entries.

This Dictionary contains about 43,000 words and expressions. It has been compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers who have selected the most common and needed words and meanings from LingvoUniversal.
ABBYY specialists have kept all the basic principles of dictionary structure and entry organization, thus LingvoEssential retains all the functionality of LingvoUniversal.

"Spanish-Russian dictionary Abbyy Lingvo Lite. © ABBYY Press, 2013
The dictionary contains 25,430 entry words and phrases of contemporary common language required for everyday communication and translation of simple texts. At the end of each section, the dictionary provides a list of geographic names.
The dictionary will be useful when preparing for Spanish language examinations, including the USE (Uniform State Examinations).
This publication is intended for a wide audience, including students and school children, tourists and business people, as well as anyone interested in the Spanish language.
Russian-Spanish dictionary Abbyy Lingvo Lite. © ABBYY Press, 2013
The dictionary contains 25,430 entry words and phrases of contemporary common language required for everyday communication and translation of simple texts. At the end of each section, the dictionary provides a list of geographic names.
The dictionary will be useful when preparing for Spanish language examinations, including the USE (Uniform State Examinations).
This publication is intended for a wide audience, including students and school children, tourists and business people, as well as anyone interested in the Spanish language."

The Comprehensive Portuguese-Russian Dictionary © A.V. Lazarev, 2007, 115000 entries.

The Portuguese-Russian dictionary contains over 300 000 words and phrases. It includes common words and phrases, translations and descriptions of linguistic-cultural realities, as well as terms of general use. The dictionary is intended for beginners, as well as language specialists, translators and teachers.

The Comprehensive Russian-Portuguese Dictionary © A.V. Lazarev, 2007, 115000 entries.

The Portuguese-Russian dictionary contains over 300 000 words and phrases. It includes common words and phrases, translations and descriptions of linguistic-cultural realities, as well as terms of general use. The dictionary is intended for beginners, as well as language specialists, translators and teachers.

The New Chinese-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2004, A.V. Kotov. 4,100 hieroglyphs and 26,000 entries.

The Dictionary includes 4,100 most commonly used hieroglyphs and over 26,000 words and word combinations. The author believes that this Dictionary will answer the needs of students studying Chinese at university level, as well as enabling its users to read Chinese newspapers and magazines with only very occasional look-ups in larger dictionaries. It can also be used as a reference book on Chinese spelling and pronunciation, and serve as a source of linguistic material for textbooks.
The Dictionary is intended for Chinese students, teachers, and sinologists.

The Comprehensive Russian-Chinese Dictionary, 120,000 words and phrases. © Russkiy Yazyk, 2005; Z.I. Baranova, A.V. Kotov

The Dictionary provides translations into Chinese for 120,000 Russian words and phrases and covers the language of politics, day-to-day conversation, the most common science and technology terms, free word combinations, set phrases, and idioms.
Translations of headwords into Chinese are followed by their romanized spellings and indications of tone.
The Dictionary is intended for Sinologists, linguists, translators, teachers, and students of Chinese, and will prove useful to native speakers of Chinese who study or use the Russian language.

Finnish-Russian and Russian-Finnish Dictionary © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004; Yu. S. Yeliseev. 28,000 words .

The Finnish-Russian and Russian-Finnish Dictionary contains a total of 28,000 words, including names of places. These are the core words and phrases commonly used in the media and in ordinary day-to-day conversations at home or when shopping, travelling or going out.

The Dictionary is intended for Russian tourists and businessmen going to Finland and for Finns coming to Russia. The inclusion of the most frequent word forms and labels make it suitable for learners of Finnish or Russian.

Kazakh-Russian Dictionary, 35 000 words and phrases, Kostanai, 2008 © 2008 L.D. Yerzhanova, P.V. Kosovich © 2008 Tsentralno-Aziatskoye Knizhnoye Izdatelstvo

The Kazakh-Russian Dictionary includes about 35,000 words and phrases of contemporary Kazakh and is the most recent Kazakh-Russian dictionary.
The Dictionary is based on contemporary Kazakh and Russian lexicographic sources. In compiling the Dictionary, the authors analyzed a large number of fiction and popular science books, the printed media, and folklore (proverbs, sayings, and songs). The Dictionary is intended for translators, teachers, and students.

Comprehensive Russian-Kazakh Dictionary, 70 000 words and phrases, Kostanai, 2008 © 2008 B. Darmenov, P.V. Kosovich © 2008Tsentralno-Aziatskoye Knizhnoye Izdatelstvo

The 2008 edition of the Comprehensive Russian-Kazakh Dictionary includes about 70,000 words and phrases of contemporary literary and colloquial Russian. The Dictionary includes a large number of colloquial and day-to-day phrases and idioms and offers a broad coverage of the current terms used in various areas of knowledge. The Dictionary is intended for beginners and specialists alike, including translators and teachers, and may be used as a practical guide by learners of Russian and Kazakh.

The Turkish-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2005, R.R. Yusipova. 80,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains about 80,000 words and word combinations of contemporary Turkish supplemented with terms related to the domains of culture, the arts, literature, and economics. Common everyday words and phrases are also included.
The Dictionary is intended for teachers and students of Turkish, business people, and may also prove useful to students of Russian whose native language is Turkish.

The Comprehensive Russian-Turkish Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2005, V.G. Shcherbinin. 100,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains over 100,000 words and word combinations of contemporary Russian supplemented by common specialist terms covering the domains of science, technology, economics, and politics.
The Dictionary is intended for translators, teachers, researchers, and students of Russian and Turkish. The Dictionary will also prove of interest to specialists in Turkic languages.

Tatar-Russian dictionary. 56,000 words, 7,400 expressions © Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art, 2007

Russian-Tatar dictionary, 47,000 words. ©1997 F. A. Ganiev

The Ukrainian-Russian Dictionary. 250,000 words and word combinations. Edited by Vyacheslav Busel, © ITF Perun, 2008

The Dictionary provides Russian equivalents for the core senses of Ukrainian words. Contemporary Ukrainian spelling is used throughout. The Russian equivalents are grouped based on sense, making it easier for the translator to select the appropriate translation. The Dictionary also includes idiomatic phrases and provides illustrative sentences and word combinations.

The Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary. 250,000 words and word combinations. Edited by Vyacheslav Busel, © ITF Perun, 2008

The Dictionary provides Russian equivalents for the core senses of Ukrainian words. Contemporary Ukrainian spelling is used throughout. The Russian equivalents are grouped based on sense, making it easier for the translator to select the appropriate translation. The Dictionary also includes idiomatic phrases and provides illustrative sentences and word combinations.

Greek-Russian and Russian-Greek Dictionary © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2008, A.V. Salnova.

The Dictionary contains 22,000 words used in everyday conversation and is intended for beginner students of Greek or Russian. The Dictionary may also be of practical use to tourists and business people.

The Universal Norwegian-Russian Dictionary. 78,000 entries. © A.M. Medvedev 2009

The compiler of this Dictionary, A.M. Medvedev, is a philologist, translator, and instructor.
This is the largest Norwegian-Russian Dictionary currently available in electronic form. The compiler relied on numerous lexicographic sources and a large body of contemporary Norwegian texts.
The following dictionaries and online resources were used in preparation of this work:

1. Большой Норвежско-Русский словарь, 6-е издание, Аракин В. Д.. - Москва: Живой язык, 2003.
2. Lingua, Norsk-Engelsk, utgave 2 – Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 2005.
3. Escolas Ordbok, Rangvald Taule – Oslo: Escola Forlag, 1998.
4. Engelsk Bla Ordbok, Willy A. Kirkeby - Kunnskapsforlaget, Oslo; 2000.
5. Clue for Windows, Norsk-Engelsk, Versjon 6.4 – Clue international Corporation, 1991-2006.
6. http://www.ordbok.com – Norsk bokmål ordbok/ordliste, 2005 - 2009.
7. http://sprakradet.no - Rettskriving og ordbøker, 2007 -2009.
8. http://www.dokpro.uio.no - Dokumentasjonsprosjektet, 2006 - 2009.
9. Takk skal ha Barbro og Torgeir Hegland, mine venner i Norge som hjalp mye med boka mi.

The Russian-Norwegian Index to the Universal Norwegian-Russian Dictionary.* 38800 entries

New Polish-Russian Dictionary / R. Stypula, G.V. Kovalyova © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2005

The new Polish-Russian dictionary contains over 36,000 entries. The dictionary includes many new words denoting realities of the turn of XX-XXI centuries. Dictionary entries contain not only the translation of header words but also grammatical information, idioms, set phrases; synonyms to the header word are provided at the end of each entry.
The dictionary is intended for a wide audience: students, teachers, translators, journalists and learners of the Polish language. This dictionary may be used for reading texts on various subjects, excluding specialized texts.

Russian-Polish Index for the New Polish-Russian Dictionary* 36,000 entries © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2005, R. Stypula, G.V. Kovalyova

The Dictionary of Latin Proverbs and Sayings. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2003, N.T. Babichev, Y. M. Borovsky. 2,500 entries.

The Dictionary contains popular Latin proverbs and sayings, Latin terms used in philosophy, logic, law, and a number of Latin words which are often used in Russian texts. The Dictionary is supplemented with brief notes about the authors of the adages and a Russian index.
The Dictionary is intended for writers, historians, lawyers, arts teachers and students and for all those interested in language and literature.

The Russian-Latin Index to the Dictionary of Latin Proverbs and Sayings. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2003, N.T. Babichev, Y. M. Borovsky. 3,000 entries.

This index of the Russian translations was compiled by the authors of the Dictionary.

The French-Russian and Russian-French Dictionary of Business. © RUSSO, 2002, R. Giraud. 26,000 entries (13,000 in the French-Russian part, 13,000 - in the Russian-French part).

The French-Russian part of this Dictionary contains about 13,000 terms, while the Russian-French one contains about 13,000 terms relating to negotiations, visiting industrial objects, solving financial, custom and everyday problems, as well as translating contracts, business letters, technical documentation kits.
The information provided in the Dictionary is of great use and interest to businessmen, business students and translators.

The German-Russian Dictionary of Beer. © RUSSO, 2005, E.S. Anjuschkin. 15,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains over 15,000 terms related to beer brewing, storage, transportation, ingredients testing methods, sampling, bottling, and packing.
The Dictionary contains the names of national, European and international organizations servicing the beer industry and the names of the most popular beer brands.
First edition.
The Dictionary is intended for students, post-graduates, professors, beer industry workers, translators, researchers, standardizers, sanitary inspectors, wholesalers, and retailers.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Dictionary of Beer*. 15,000 entries.

The Chinese-Russian and Russian-Chinese Dictionary of Computer Terms © Rozvezev A.M., 2007 © Vostok – Zapad, 2007

The Dictionary contains approximately 6,000 computer-related words and word combinations. Compared to other similar reference books, the distinguishing features of the Dictionary include an uncluttered layout, ability to look up translations both into Russian and into Chinese, and transcriptions for all Chinese terms. To meet the needs of translators working in the field, the authors have included some of the most common slang and jargon words. The Dictionary will enable its users to interact with computers and expand their computer and IT vocabulary.

The Dictionary is intended for all those speaking Chinese and interested in computers and IT.

The Chinese Russian Dictionary of Finance and Economics. © The authors, 2007 © Vostok – Zapad, 2007. 15,000 words and word combinations

This is the first specialist Chinese-Russian dictionary of finance and economics to be published in Russia. The Dictionary includes the latest banking, financial, and economics terms that entered the Chinese and Russian languages at the turn of the century, as well as terms and definitions used in Chinese legislation and official documents, the social and economics rulings of the Chinese government, and the related general vocabulary. The appendix lists the names of over 200 international trade and financial institutions, banks, companies and stock exchanges, and over 150 financial institutions, banks, companies, and stock exchanges operating in China today.
The Dictionary is intended for business people, civil servants, bankers, economists, finance experts, researchers, university professors, students, post-graduate students, and all those working in this area.

The Russian-Chinese Index to the Chinese Russian Dictionary of Finance and Economics.* 15 000 статей

Comprehensive Russian-Kazakh Dictionary of Economics. Copyright © 1999, 2008 Toksanbay S.R.

The Comprehensive Russian-Kazakh Dictionary of Economics includes over 80,000 terms from various branches of economics: market economics, finance, credits, budgeting, banking, taxation, customs, insurance, controls, stock exchange, business, management, audit, planning, supplies, investment, marketing, accounting, statistics, international trade, business, commerce, social security, labour, employment, demographics, migration, workflow.
The terms are arranged alphabetically. In compiling the Dictionary, the author studied the legislation and regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Dictionary entries provide brief definitions of the main terms and business slang words. The supplement, which consists of eight sections, includes Russian and Kazakh equivalents of international abbreviations, monetary units, trade terms, terms of delivery, metric and non-metric units, and gestures used on the floor of a stock exchange.
The Dictionary is intended for employees of state enterprises and organizations, businessmen, post-graduates and students studying economics and finance, journalists, translators, secretarial staff working with documents in Kazakh, and for anyone interested in the subject.

The Kazakh-Russian Index to the Comprehensive Russian-Kazakh Dictionary of Economics.*

The Comprehensive Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language. © 2006, T.F. Yefremova. 180,000 entries.

With over 180,000 entries in its four volumes, the Comprehensive Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language is the largest dictionary of the Russian language currently available on the market. The Dictionary reflects Russian lexis at the turn of the 21st century. It contains both core lexical items and specialist terms, including those that have been adopted by the Russian language in the last few years. Obscene, taboo, and slang words have not been included.
The Dictionary contains words of all the classes that are recognized in the Russian language, word-building prefixes and suffixes, first and last elements of compound words, and multi-word equivalents to single words (such multi-word units are also supplied with a part-of-speech label). The definitions of semantically similar words are written in a uniform manner and the links between lexical meanings and derivational meanings are given detailed treatment. The Dictionary is also the first reference work to present homonyms systematically and in detail.
The Dictionary is intended for philologists, journalists, editors, translators, teachers, arts students, students of Russian as a foreign language, pupils, and all those who wish to know the Russian language better.

Chinese-Russian Dictionary of Food and Cooking. © The authors, 2007 © Vostok – Zapad, 2007. Over 12,000 names of dishes and culinary terms

This is the first publication in Russia of the Chinese-Russian Dictionary of Food and Cooking. The Dictionary includes the names of Chinese dishes, definitions of culinary terms, and the names of European dishes that have been adopted by the Chinese. The terms are arranged in accordance with the pinyin system.
The Dictionary is intended for students of China, translators, and for all those interested in Chinese cuisine.

The Russian-Chinese Index to the Chinese-Russian Dictionary of Food and.* 3000 entries

The Spanish-Russian Dictionary of Economics. © RUSSO, 1996, S.N. Lobantsova. 25,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 25,000 terms which cover the language of econimics, various branches of industry, home and foreign trade, currency and finance. The Dictionary also reflects the terminology currently in use in the world of statistic and planning services, foreign trade companies and banks.
The Dictionary is meant for personnel of foreign trade companies, scientific and technological community, translators, Economics students and postgraduates, and university professors.

The Russian-Spanish Index to the Spanish-Russian Dictionary of Economics*. 15,000 entries.

The Chinese-Russian Dictionary of Law. © " Vostok – Zapad ", 2007. 16,000 words and word combinations

This is the first specialist Chinese-Russian dictionary of law to be published in Russia. The Dictionary includes terms and definitions used in contemporary Chinese legislation and official documents. The Dictionary includes the latest legal and financial terms that entered the Chinese and Russian languages in the recent years. The Appendix lists the names of the top Chinese government bodies, NGOs, and about 200 laws, acts, and rulings currently in effect.
The Dictionary is intended for business people, lawyers, economists, finance experts, researchers, university professors, students, post-graduate students, and all those working in this area.
The Russian-Chinese Index to the Chinese-Russian Dictionary of Law.* 15,000 entries

Chinese-Russian Dictionary: Press, Internet, Radio, Television / N. Kh. Akhmetshin, Zhao Xuqin, Yang Licheng, et al. © The authors, 2007 © Vostok – Zapad, 2007. About 14,000 words and word combinations

To compile this Dictionary, the authors relied on the various Chinese media of the beginning of the 21st century. The dictionary includes words related to political, legal, and social issues, international relations, banking, finance, and other fields of activity. The appendices list the names of over 350 media outlets operating in China and some other countries.
The Dictionary is intended for politicians, civil servants, journalists, business people, teachers, researchers, post-graduate students, students, and all those who read newspapers and other periodicals in Chinese.

The Russian-Chinese Index to Chinese-Russian Dictionary: Press, Internet, Radio, Television.* 14,000

The Russian-Chinese and Chinese-Russian Practical Dictionary of Medicine / Edited by Lu Bingshan, Zhang Xuhua. © The authors, 2007 © Vostok – Zapad, 2007. 16,000 words and word combinations

The Russian-Chinese and Chinese-Russian Practical Dictionary of Medicine contains the terms most commonly used in Western and traditional Chinese medicine, including those related to diagnosis, most common pathologies, treatment methods, medicines, medical equipment, protection, and hygiene. The dictionary also includes a vast number of chemical and biological names of substances used as medical drugs and names of herbs used in traditional medicine and pharmacology. The Dictionary is intended as a practical reference for qualified translators and interpreters working with medical texts and having some experience in the field.

The Dictionary of Pronunciations for the New Chinese-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2004, A.V. Kotov. 23,000 entries.

This Dictionary of Pronunciations lists 23,000 Chinese words in Pinyin extracted from the New Chinese-Russian Dictionary to allow electronic searches of Chinese words by their pronunciations.

The Russian-German Automobile Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2002, E.A. Dormidontow. 13,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 13,000 terms related to the theory, construction, and testing of automobiles, tractors, and motorcycles, as well as their service and maintenance.
The Dictionary is intended for specialists in automobiles and tractors, students, technical translators, and motor-car enthusiasts.

The German-Russian Index to the Russian-German Automobile Dictionary*. 13,000 entries.

The English-Russian and Russian-English Automobile Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2005, M.V. Tveritnev. 28,000 entries (15,000 in the English-Russian part, 13,000 in the Russian-English part).

The English-Russian part of this Dictionary contains about 15,000 terms, while the Russian-English one contains about 13,000 terms relating to construction of parts, units and assemblies of motor vehicles, as well as the terminology of service and repair of vehicles, of the systems of the active and passive safety. It also includes the main terms concerning the systems diminishing the adverse affect of vehicles on the environment.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of many specialists in automobile industry, as well as of students and translators. The Dictionary also will be of great use to all those who read special literature on motor vehicles in English.

The Italian-Russian Automobile Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, S.S. Procopovitch. 16,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 16,000 terms related to automobiles and other vehicles, as well as the characteristics of different makes of car, their units, and assemblages. The Dictionary covers design, laboratory and road tests, materials, technological processes, new devices aimed to make driving easier, service and maintenance, active and passive car safety, ecology, transportation and routing, and car insurance (which is mandatory in Italy). The Dictionary is intended for specialists who read texts in the original, translators, and students.

The Russian-Italian Index to the Italian-Russian Automobile Dictionary*. 16,000 entries.

The German-Russian Automobile and Automotive Service Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, E.A. Dormidontow. 31,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 31,000 terms related to automobiles, operation and maintenance of automotive vehicles, tractors and other trackless vehicles, as well as traffic management and car service.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Automobile and Automotive Service Dictionary*. 31,000 entries.

The German-Russian and Russian-German Dictionary of Business and Banking. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, N. D. Iwaschtschenko. 30,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains more than 30,000 terms related to import and export operations, finance, statistics, insurance, customs operations, bourses, and commerce. Some of the terms are provided with concise explanations in Russian. The Dictionary is intended for business people, economists, translators, teachers, and university students.

The New English-Russian Biological Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, O.I. Chibisova, N.N. Smirnov et al. 72,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains more than 72,000 terms related to all branches of biology: botany, zoology, microbiology, cytology, histology, systematics, genetics, ethology, molecular biology, etc., as well as names of plants and animals. The Dictionary includes the latest additions to biological terminology and terms of related sciences. Special attention has been given to terms related to ecology and animal behaviour.

The Russian-English Index to the New English-Russian Biological Dictionary*. 72,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Construction and New Constructional Technologies. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2003, V.V. Bykov, A.A. Pozdnyakov. 65,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains about 65,000 terms which cover the following branches of construction studies: engineering buildings and tools, construction and installation work, hydroengineering, engineering networks, construction materials and technologies, construction and road-building machines, construction tools, construction management, design, urban planning, ecology of construction, types of buildings and installations, architecture, theoretical foundations of construction.
The Dictionary also contains terminology from related fields, including commercial and legal aspects of construction, trade in construction materials, valiation and trade in real estate.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of many specialists in construction industry and related fields, as well as of university professors, students and translators. It will be very useful for all specialists working on international construction projects.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Construction and New Constructional Technologies*. 41,000 entries.

The Turkish-Russian and Russian-Turkish Dictionary of Construction and Architecture. © V.I. Makarov, 2005. 27,500 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains 27,500 terms and terminological expressions in each translation direction and covers the domains of building design, building physics, hydrology, architecture, infrastructure, structures, building typology, construction materials and products, tools, machinery, technology, utilities, city planning, transport, and construction economics.
The Dictionary is indented for construction specialists, researchers, translators, site engineers, and teachers and students at university level.

The German-Russian Dictionary of Chemistry and Chemical Technology. © RUSSO, 2004, T.B. Schukowa, M.M. Melnikowa, et al. 56,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 56,000 terms related to organic, inorganic, physical, analytical chemistry, petrochemistry, chemical processes, and process vessels.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Dictionary of Chemistry and Chemical Technology*. 40,000 entries.

----- *The German-Russian Dictionary of Chemistry and Chemical Technology. © RUSSO, 2004, T.B. Schukowa, M.M. Melnikowa, et al. 56,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Computers, Internet, and Programming. © E.M. Proydakov, L.A. Teplitsky, 1998-2007. 15,000 entries.

The sixth edition of the dictionary contains more than 15000 terms, abbreviations and the acronyms used in computer facilities, software development, data protection, multimedia, computer graphics and animations, desktop publishing systems, the Internet and computer networks, and also mention some areas of applications of information technologies.
The Dictionary is intended for translators, experts in the field of computer facilities, teachers, students and post-graduate students of profile specialities, and also for a wide range of the readers, were interested by modern computer and information technologies. 6th edition, revised and updated.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Computers, Internet, and Programming*. 15,000 entries.

The German-Russian Dictionary of Economics. © RUSSO, 2001, J.I. Kukolew. 50,000 entries.

This German-Russian Dictionary of Economics contains around 50,000 terms related to various branches of economics, including finance, banking, bourses, industries, marketing, commerce, logistics, sociology, statistics, and labour law. The Dictionary is intended for economists, scholars, translators, teachers, university students, and all those who read German texts on economics.
The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Dictionary of Economics*. 30,000 entries.

Russian-French Dictionary of Economics. © 2005, E.P. Ostrovskaya, L.G. Kuzminok, 35,000 entries.

The dictionary contains over 35,000 entries of general economic terminology and words specific to a number of economic areas: enterprise economics, marketing, management, advertising, export and import, government regulation of the economy, economic theories, finance and lending.
The dictionary is meant for business people and economic theorists and practitioners (managers, economists, financial experts, researchers, translators) as well as instructors, students and postgraduate students of economic universities and departments. First time in print.

The French-Russian Index to the Russian-French Dictionary of Economics.*. 20,000 entries.

Italian-Russian and Russian-Italian Dictionary of Economics. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, P. Gallana. 30,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains about 30,000 terms refecting the language of present-day economics, exchage trade and insurance. Detailed treatment is given to terms relating to accounting, contacts, law, etc.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of specialists, researchers, translators, businessmen and university students.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Automation. © RUSSO, 2003, B.S. Voskoboinikov, V.L. Mitrovich. 110,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains terms on metal working, machine-building materials, metal research and machine parts, as well as terms relating to numerically controlled and CTP machines, metal cutting tools, robotics, etc. The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of researchers, post-graduates, university professors and technical translators.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Automation*. 44,000 entries.

The German-Russian Law Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2004, P. I Grischajew, L.I. Donskaja et al. 46,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains about 46,000 terms related to various areas of law: state law, civil law, criminal law, criminology, forensic science, commercial law, labour law, administrative law, social security, international private and public law. The Dictionary has been compiled by analyzing criminal codes and legal documents published in German-speaking countries.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Law Dictionary*. 20,000 entries.

The English-Russian Law Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, S.N. Andrianov, A.S. Berson et al. 50,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary reflects the legal terminology of Great Britain and the USA and contains about 50,000 terms and term combinations. The Dictionary covers international private and public law, state law, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, commercial law, courts, patents, and copyright. Latin, French, and Old French words and expressions used in British and American law have also been included.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Law Dictionary*. 46,000 entries

The Spanish-Russian Law Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, A.P. Scurijin. 25,000 entries.

The Spanish-Russian Law Dictionary contains about 25,000 words and word combinations and fully reflects legal, judicial, financial, banking and insurance terminology. Detailed treatment is given to the matters of law, trade, transport and international economic relations.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of specialists, translators, law students and professors, and of all those who are interested in the subject.

The Russian-Spanish Index to the Spanish-Russian Law Dictionary*. 14,000 entries.

The French-Russian Law Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2004, G.I. Matchkovsky. 35,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains 35,000 entries covering the legal terminology of France and French-speaking countries. The Dictionary includes terms related to the theory of state law, constitutional law, international law, financial law, commercial law, civil law, criminal law, and criminology. Some entries are provided with concise comments.
The Dictionary mainly reflects legal terminology as used in France, but many terms used in other French-speaking countries are also included. Practically all of the terms have been taken from original French texts, laws, codes, and acts of the French Republic. Russian translations conform to the current Russian legal usage.

The Russian-French Index to the French-Russian Law Dictionary*. 20,000 entries.

Italian-Russian Law Dictionary. © ABBYY Press, 2007, S.S. Prokopovich, 20,000 entries.

The dictionary contains 20,000 entries of terms and expressions encompassing different areas of law: government, administrative, civil, commercial, criminal, international public, international private, patent and licensing, copyright law, as well as terminology of judiciary, civil and criminal proceedings.
The dictionary also contains terms most widely used in commerce, foreign exchange and monetary relations, banking and insurance, as well as terms relating to the history of Roman law.
Its lists abbreviations and Latin words and expressions that are frequently used in law books.
The dictionary is meant for lawyers, business people, researchers, teachers, law school students, and translators.
First time in print.

The Russian-Italian Index to the Italian-Russian Law Dictionary*. 12,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Computer Science: around 55,000 words and phrases – 8th edition, revised and amended. © ABBYY Ltd, E.K. Maslovsky.

The dictionary has been prepared by the lexicographic team of the Applied Linguistics Division of ABBYY company and E. K. Maslovsky. This is a further evolution of the well-known English-Russian Computer Engineering Dictionary under the editorship of E. K. Maslovsky and "English-Russian Computing System and Information Technology Dictionary" by the same author that featured several printed and electronic publications.
The present edition has been significantly enriched with terms from such areas as logical device design and modeling, knowledge engineering, production computerization, artificial intelligence systems, computer networks, digital signal processing, parallel and pipeline computations, system analysis, Internet Technology.
During the work on the vocabulary terminology the following American periodicals "Advances in Engineering Software", "Artificial Intelligence", "Computer Communications", "Computer Networks", "Data and Knowledge Engineering", "Expert Systems With Applications", "Future Generation Computer Systems", "Information and Software Technology", "Interacting with Computers", "Knowledge-Based Systems", "Microprocessors and Microsystems", "Parallel Computing", "Robotics and Autonomous Systems" have been used to develop the dictionary’s terminology: as well as numerous English Internet publications and glossaries.
In a new edition errors have been corrected and deficiencies, found by the author himself and numerous users of the dictionary during 2005-2007, have been eliminated, as well as a number of important user suggestions have been taken into account.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Computer Science*. 47,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Economics. © ABBYY, 2001. 50,000 entries.

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, this Dictionary is to be superseded by the Economicus series of dictionaries currently being developed by ABBYY in collaboration with the Saint Petersburg School of Economics, five of which are already present in ABBYY Lingvo x3.
5th ed., revised and updated.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Economics*. 35,000 entries.

The English-Russian Scientific Dictionary: around 140,000 words and phrases – 7th edition, revised and amended. © ABBYY Ltd, E. K. Maslovsky, 2008.

The original version of the Scientific and Technical dictionary was created by a lexicographic team of the Applied Linguistics Division of ABBYY company using semi-automatic processing of a large bulk of scientific and technical texts simultaneously in English and Russian. Regardless of some deficiencies, unavoidable in production of such creation, the dictionary was a valuable source of information in quite a number of subject areas, not covered by other dictionaries.
In a new edition, completely revised by E.K. Maslovsky, numerous mistakes and deficiencies, found by the developers and users during the entire period of the dictionary’s existence, have been corrected and eliminated. A large number of terms missing in the Polytechnic dictionary (e.g., automotive, food, oil, gas industry and other) have also been added. Many of the previous terms are supplied with the explanations where needed.
The main subject areas covered by the dictionary are mechanical engineering, metallurgy, geology, railway transport, construction, electrical engineering, communications, oil production and refining, applied mathematics. Some fields of the scientific vocabulary, not related to the technical area (Agriculture, Botany, Biology, Archeology and Astronomy) are also presented in the dictionary.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Scientific Dictionary*. 146,000 entries.

The Thesaurus of Russian Business Words. © ABBYY, 2004. 16,000 entries.

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, the Dictionary is the result of semi-automatic processing of a large corpus of business Russian and is the first Russian thesaurus to list synonyms typical of the language of business. It can be effectively used in conjunction with bilingual specialist and business dictionaries.
3rd ed.

The Modern English-Russian Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering and Automation. © RUSSO, 2003, B.S. Voskoboinikov. 15,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 15,000 terms related to metalwork, machine parts, N/C machines, automated machinery, means of communication, optoelectronics, and other fields of mechanical engineering. The dictionary is intended for scholars, students, graduate students, university teachers, and technical translators.

The Russian-English Index to the Modern English-Russian Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering and Automation*. 17,000 entries.

The Russian-German and German-Russian Medical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2004, A.J. Bolotina. 70,000 entries (32,000 in the Russian-German part, 38,000 in the German-Russian part).

The Dictionary contains about 70,000 terms which cover all the fields of modern medicine, including its theoretical and applied aspects, immunology, genetics, radiology, biochemistry, etc.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of researchers, practising physicians, university professors and students, as well as translators of medical literature.

The French-Russian Medical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2000, E.I. Borsïak et al. 56,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 56,000 terms related to human anatomy and physiology, prevention and therapeutics, surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, dermatology, venerology, parasitology, immunology, pharmacology, histology, genetics, cytology, radiology, space medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, and medical equipment.
The Dictionary is intended for medical students, interns, teachers of medical schools, doctors, scholars, and translators.

The Russian-French Index to the French-Russian Medical Dictionary*. 56,000 entries.

The Italian-Russian Medical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, S.S. Procopovitch. 30,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 30,000 terms related to all areas of modern medicine, including theoretical and practical medicine, immunology, genetics, radiology, and biochemistry. The Dictionary is supplied with an index of Russian and Latin terms which can be used when translating texts from Russian into Italian.
The Dictionary is intended for medical students, interns, teachers of medical schools, doctors, scholars, and translators.

The Russian-Italian Index to the Italian-Russian Medical Dictionary*. 30,000 entries.

The New English-Russian Medical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2004, V.L. Rivkin. 75,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary contains about 75,000 terms which cover all the fields of modern medicine, including its theoretical and applied aspects, immunology, genetics, radiology, biochemistry, medical equipment, etc.
Besides, the Dictionary contains names of diseases, herbs, terms from surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, paediatrics, oncology, narcology, legal medicine, etc., and common medical abbreviations.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of researchers, practising physicians, university professors and students, as well as translators of medical literature.

The Comprehensive Russian-English Medical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2001, M.S. Benyumovich, V.P. Rivkin et al. 70,000 words and expressions.

The Dictionary covers all branches of contemporary medicine, from anatomy to physiology, from microsurgery to molecular biology. Both fundamental and applied medical sciences are represented, including anatomy, histology, cytology, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, therapeutics, surgery, gynaecology, obstetrics, neuropathology, pediatrics, stomatology, cardiology, urology, proctology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, sexopathology, psychiatry, virology, oncology, and roentgenology.

French-Russian Dictionary of Oil and Gas. © RUSSO, 2005, A.I. Boulatov. 24,000 entries.

French-Russian Dictionary of Oil and Gas contains about 24,000 terms from major branches of oil and gas industry: oil geology, field and borehole geophysics, well-boring, oil and gas fields exploitation, transport and refinement of oil and gas. Besides, the Dictionary contains about 450 French abbreviations.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of those who work at the enterprises of oil anf gas industry, translators, professors, students and postgraduates of oil and gas colleges and universities.

The Russian-French Index to the French-Russian Dictionary of Oil and Gas*. 17,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary on Oil and Gas. © VNIIGAZ, RAO Gazprom, 1998. 52,000 entries.

Author Y.G. Kovalenko.
The Dictionary contains more than 52,000 terms related to petroleum geology, exploration geophysics, exploration seismology, logging measurements, prospect drilling, well drilling, drilling techniques, flushing, well casing and cementing, oil field development, field operation, well completion, oil gathering and transportation, oil storage, pipeline construction and operation, compressor stations, production equipment, petrochemistry, oil refinement, equipment maintenance and standardization, oil economics, names of organizations, as well as more than 2,250 abbreviations.
This is the first English-Russian oil and gas dictionary of this size. The Dictionary is intended for industry professionals, customs experts, oil exporters and importers, scholars, teachers, graduate students, translators, editors, and all those who read specialist texts in English.
The author wishes to express his gratitude to all those who helped in compiling this dictionary: S.S. Tolstov and V. Lopatin of Orgbank, R.O. Samsonov, A.Y. Zorya, A.I. Koposov, A.M. Puzakin, V.V. Sokolov, and Y.L. Chizhova of VNIIGAZ.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary on Oil and Gas*. 35,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Patents and Trademarks. © S.V. Glyadkov, 2004. 11,000 entries.

The Dictionary reflects the current terminology related to patents, trademarks, and copyright. The Dictionary will prove useful in this day and age of globalization and will help readers to draw up copyright agreements and better understand current British and American legislation and regulations related to intellectual property.
4th edition, revised and updated.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Patents and Trademarks*. 12,000 entries.

The Russian-English Dictionary of Physics. © RUSSO, 2004, V.D. Novikov et al. 76,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 76,000 terms from all the fields of modern physics, classical and innovative alike.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of researchers, engineeers, university professors, students and translators. It can be used as training aids and reference at unioversities and colleges to teach students English scientific terminology in the field.

The English-Russian Index to the Russian-English Dictionary of Physics*. 81,000 entries.

The German-Russian Dictionary of Art. © RUSSO 2002, I.W. Kozyrewa. 9,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 9,000 terms related to painting, graphic arts, architecture, sculpture, applied arts, restoration, etc.
Additionally, the Dictionary covers the following subjects: “Art Styles and Epochs”, “Museums and Galleries”, “Foreign Names of Painters” and some others.
The Dictionary is intended for art critics, art school students, curators, journalists, guides, and for all those who read about art.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Dictionary of Art*. 9,000 entries.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Politics 60,000 words and phrases © Russo, 2005, K.D. Garnov, N.G. Inozemtseva

The English-Russian Dictionary of Politics contains about 60 000 words and phrases, including neologisms used by mass media today and modern political slang.
All the material in the Dictionary reflects modern written and spoken English. The examples have been carefully selected from a wide range of sources: international official and political documents, mass media, speeches of social and political leaders of the USA, Great Britain and Russia, modern political idioms of English-speaking countries, latest dictionaries of the English language and English-Russian dictionaries.
The Dictionary is intended for journalists, translators, interpreters, teachers, students, and people involved with politics.
First edition.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Politics 30,000 entries.

The German-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2004, G.M. Bardischew et al. 110,000 entries.

This is an impression of the 1973 edition. The Dictionary offers good coverage of all major areas of science and technology and is intended for scholars, engineers, technicians, teachers, students, and technical translators.

The Russian-German Index to the German-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary*. 95,000 entries.

New French-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary. © Russo, 2006, G.M. Kolpakova. 70,000 terms and 4,000 acronyms.

The dictionary contains 70,000 terms and 4,000 acronyms spanning the major areas of science and technology, such as electronics, power engineering, automation, metallurgy, construction, transportation, physics, chemistry, and others.
It also contains terminology relating to computing systems and information technologies, computer networks, telecommunications, television, and video equipment.
The dictionary lists French acronyms and English acronyms most widely used in French technical publications with their Russian equivalents.
The dictionary is meant for students, postgraduate students, instructors, translators, and researchers.
First time in print.

The Russian-French Index to the New French-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary*. 50,000 entries.

The Russian-Italian Polytechnical Dictionary. © RUSSO, 2003, B.I. Avramenko et al. 110,000 entries.

This Russian-Italian Polytechnical Dictionary contains about 110,000 terms related to major branches of science and technology and is the most comprehensive Russian-Italian dictionaries ever to be published.
The compilers of the Dictionary tried to include terms related to new and fast-growing branches of science and technology, including automation, computers, electronic engineering, quantum electronics, nuclear physics, space exploration, high polymers, machinery components, metalworking, construction materials, and the terminology of the related theoretical sciences, such as mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, mechanics of materials, hydraulics, thermodynamics, mechanical engineering.
The dictionary also includes main terms related to the economics and management of production, electric engineering, metrology, information sciences, metal manufacture, chemical engineering, architecture, construction, hydraulic engineering, transportation, telecommunications, geology, mineralogy, crystallography, mining, agriculture, forest management, woodworking, pulp and paper industry, printing, photography, food industry, production of rubber, leather, paint and varnish industry, watchmaking.

The Italian-Russian Index to the Russian-Italian Polytechnical Dictionary*. 90,000 entries.

The New Russian-Ukrainian Polytechnical Dictionary. © 2005, N.G. Zubkov. 100,000 entries.

The New Russian-Ukrainian Polytechnical Dictionary contains 100,000 technical terms of contemporary Ukrainian. The compiler has relied on the latest linguistic research as regards the use of the letter ґ in loan words.
The Dictionary is intended for a wide readership: lecturers, students, translators, office workers, scholars, pupils, and teachers. The Dictionary will prove a useful reference book for all those who wish to write and speak good Ukrainian and Russian.

The Ukrainian-Russian Index to the New Russian-Ukrainian Polytechnical Dictionary*. 100,000 entries.

The Popular Dictionary of the Russian Language. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2003. A.P. Guskova, B.V. Sotin. 5,000 entries.

This Dictionary is a popular reference book which presents facts of language in a systematized manner together with core encyclopaedic information.
The user will find in this volume those words which constitute an important cultural and historical section of the contemporary Russian language. The Dictionary also includes many new words reflecting the recent changes in our daily lives and naming new concepts and products brought about by the progress of science and technology. The lexical core of the Russian language is also given its due place. Additionally, the Dictionary contains names of mythological creatures and heroes, characters of folktales and religious texts, geographical regions, celestial bodies, historical epochs, and events of historical and cultural significance.
The Dictionary is intended for a general readership.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Psychology. © RUSSO, 2006, Nikoshkova E. V. 20000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 20000 terms on general, social, engineering and educational psychology, psychophysics, abnormal psychology and other psychological disciplines. Besides, the Dictionary includes terms from psychology-related fields of knowledge (physiology, medicine, anatomy, philosophy, logic etc.).
The Dictionary is intended for scientists, translators, teachers, graduate students and students of psychological departments.

The Russian-English Dictionary of Psychology. © RUSSO, 2006, Nikoshkova E. V. 34000 entires.

The Dictionary contains about 34000 terms on general, social, engineering and educational psychology, psychophysics, abnormal psychology and other psychological disciplines. Besides, the Dictionary includes terms from psychology-related fields of knowlenge (physiology, medicine, anatomy, philosophy, logic etc.).
The Dictionary is intended for scientists, translators, teachers, graduate students and students of psychological departments.

The Russian-English Dictionary of Religious Terminology. © RUSSO, 2002, A.A. Azarov. 14,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 14,000 entries and 25,000 English translations covering the terminology of the world’s major religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism. Also included are terms related to Hinduism, Jainism, Sintoism, etc.
The Dictionary covers the terms used in religious rites, in the literature on cult buildings and architecture, icon painting, applied arts, and the history of religion. Biblical characters and notions, certain Church Slavonic words, names of saints, theologians and famous religious figures are also included.
To make the Dictionary more useful as a source of reference, almost all of the entries have been supplied with commentary in Russian.
The Dictionary is intended for translators, students of culture, religion experts, lecturers, students, and for all those interested in religion.

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics. © RUSSO, 2005, Lisovsky F. V. 100000 terms and 7000 abbreviations.
The Dictionary contains about 100000 terms and term combinations on informatics, radio-electronics, modern element base, production engineering of communication electronics and computational equipment, microelectronics, global, regional and local computer networks, different types of communication, television and video equipment, electro acoustics, telephony, telegraphy, exchange-supply units, mass media, desktop publishing systems etc.
The following fields of science and technology are also represented in the Dictionary: mathematic, logic, linguistic, grammar, game theory, general physics and chemistry, electrodynamics, optics, solid-state physics, quantum mechanics etc.
A list of 7000 English abbreviations with Russian equivalents is given in the end of the Dictionary.
The Dictionary is intended for students, graduate students, teachers, translators, engineers, technologists, scientists, as well as for managers and business owners.

The Russian-English Index to the The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics. 65,000 entries.

-- *The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics. © RUSSO, 2005, Lisovsky F. V. 100000 terms and 7000 abbreviations.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Telecommunications. © RUSSO, 2004, A.V. Alexandrov. 34,000 entries.; The English-Russian Dictionary of Abbreviations in Telecommunications. © RUSSO, 2002, A.V. Alexandrov. 5,500 abbreviations.

The Dictionary contains about 34,000 terms related to modern means of communication, alarm systems, automation, radio electronics, electro acoustics, computer hardware, and applied mathematics.
The Dictionary covers the following subject areas: telephony, telegraph and radio communications, audio and video equipment, fibre optics, telemechanics, and telemetry.

The English-Russian Dictionary of Abbreviations in Telecommunications contains about 5,500 abbreviations related to modern means of communication, the Internet, multimedia systems, computer networks and information science, automated information systems, optical and radio-electronics, electro-acoustics, computer hardware, and applied mathematics.
The Dictionary is intended for a wide readership, ranging from students and even school pupils to Web masters, network administrators, programmers, telecommunication engineers, translators, and media workers.
First edition.

The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Telecommunications. The Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Dictionary of Abbreviations in Telecommunications*. 34,000 entries. 5,500 abbreviations.

Female-Male Dictionary © ABBYY, 2008. 200 words

Female-Male Dictionary, on-line project.

The English-Russian and Russian-English Dictionary: the American variant © LLC «ABBYY Press», 2009

The dictionary contains 50,949 words and phrases: 27,000 in the English-Russian part and 23,249 in the Russian-English part as well as 2,137 geographic names. Selection of vocabulary, presentation of pronunciation peculiarities, grammar and spelling reflect the American variant of conversational English widely used in different areas of contemporary life. The dictionary is intended for a wide audience: school children, students, tourists, businessmen and so on. The dictionary is convenient for both Russians and Americans learning Russian. Second edition, revised and corrected.

Danish-Russian and Russian-Danish Dictionary (Ye.V. Lorentsen, I.G. Zvegintseva) Ed. Ye.V. Lorentsen. The dictionary contains over 16,000 most widely used words and phrases in Danish and Russian languages. This is active vocabulary required for a day-to-day life, a tourist trip or for reading texts of average difficulty. The dictionary is intended for learners of Danish and Russian languages, tourists, businessmen.

Hungarian-Russian and Russian-Hungarian Dictionary. A.P. Guskova © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2005

The dictionary contains over 30,000 words and phrases, common expressions and phrases. Intended for students learning Hungarian or Russian, useful for tourists and businessmen during overseas trips.

New Dutch-Russian and Russian-Dutch Dictionary. © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2009, T.N. Drenyasova, L.S. Schechkova

The dictionary contains over 24,000 words and phrases in both of its parts. The dictionary includes the most common Dutch and Russian words.
The dictionary is intended for Russian and foreign students with different levels of competence in the two languages.

English-Russian Electronics Dictionary © ABBYY Press, 2009

The dictionary contains over 100,000 terms and terminological phrases in the area of computer science and electronics, contemporary element base and technologies of electronic and computer devices; global, regional and local computer networks, communications of all kinds, television and video technologies, electro acoustics, telephony, power appliances, mass media, desktop publishing systems and so on.
The following areas of science and technology are presented: mathematics, logics, linguistics, grammar, game theory, general physics and chemistry, electrodynamics, optics, solid state physics, quantum mechanics and others. 7,000 English abbreviations with Russian equivalents are listed at the end of the dictionary.
The dictionary is intended for a wide audience - students, postgraduates, teachers, translators, engineers, technologists, scientists as well as administrative and managerial staff and entrepreneurs.

Russian-English Index to the English-Russian Electronics Dictionary*

English-Russian and Russian-English Geography Dictionary / I.F. Zhdanova. © Russkiy yazyk–Media, 2008.

The dictionary covers about 60,000 geographical names. It includes names of continents, countries, cities, regions and districts, geographical and administrative division, as well as names of oceans, seas, bays, straits, islands, peninsulas, mountain peaks, ranges, volcanoes, lowlands and hollows, rivers, lakes, channels, etc.
The dictionary is based on contemporary cartographic publications.
The dictionary is intended for a wide audience.

Russian-German Dictionary of Proverbs and Sayings © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2001, Zwilling, 700 entries

The dictionary contains over 700 commonly used Russian proverbs and sayings appearing in imaginative literature. Russian proverbs and sayings are quite difficult to understand and translate. Therefore, literal translations are provided along with relevant explanations and equivalents in German.
The dictionary is intended for foreign students learning or teaching Russian as well as German language specialists in Russia.

The Comprehensive English-Russian Phraseological Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2006, A.V. Kunin. 20,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains about 20,000 idioms that were widely used in the English language in the 19th and 20th centuries. The idioms are copiously illustrated with examples from the works of British and American classical and contemporary writers (the names of the authors and their works are indicated next to each quoted fragment).
The Dictionary is intended for those reading British and American fiction, scientific articles, newspapers and magazines, as well as for translators, researchers, teachers, students, and post-graduates. It can also be used by native English speakers who learn Russian or translate into Russian.

Russian-English Phrasebook / D.I. Kveselevich. © Russkiy yazyk–Media, 2001

The dictionary includes about 1,200 idioms, literary quotations and aphorisms appearing in imaginative literature and journalism. This dictionary is a part of a dictionary series of Russian idioms translated into foreign languages. Russian idioms are given equivalents in German; in addition, the idioms' origins and usage are explained.
The dictionary is intended for foreign students learning or teaching Russian as well as German language specialists.
New German spelling rules are used in this edition.

English-Russian Learner’s Dictionary / M.N. Kozyreva, I.V. Fedorova — 6th impression © Russkiy Yazyk–Media, 2004.

The Dictionary includes over 75,000 of the most common English words and examples illustrating their use. This is a production-oriented dictionary that takes account of the language teaching methods currently adopted in Russian universities.
The Dictionary is intended for all those who wish to achieve fluency in English.

Russian-English Learner’s Dictionary / L.I. Kosogova, I.S. Stam — 5th ed., with corrections. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2010.

The Dictionary includes about 20,000 of the most common Russian words and about 60,000 illustrative phrases and examples. For each word, its grammatical and stylistic properties are indicated
The Dictionary is intended for all learners of English and in particular for those learning the language at school and university levels. The Dictionary may also prove useful to English-speaking learners of Russian

Russian-German Learner's Dictionary / Ye.A. Ivanova, Kh. Sokolova © Russkiy yazyk - Media, revised, 2008

The dictionary contains about 60,000 most widely used words and phrases of the contemporary Russian language, their German equivalents and detailed explanation of meanings and usage of German words with examples.
Intended for school children, students, teachers as well as those perfecting their language skills for business and other types of communication.

Russian-French Polytechnic Dictionary. G.M. Kolpakova © ABBYY Press, 2009. 70,000 entries

The dictionary contains about 70,000 terms covering the main branches of science and technology: electronics, power industry, automatics, metallurgy, construction, transport, physics, chemistry and so on. There are also terms related to computer systems and information technology, computer networks, telecommunications, television and video technology.
The dictionary is intended for students, postgraduates, teachers, translators and scientists.

The German-Russian Dictionary of Contemporary Idioms. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, D.G. Malzewa. 1,400 entries.
The Dictionary contains about 1,400 idioms that are widely used in current German. Each idiom is provided with a definition in German, a Russian translation, and usage examples. The Dictionary takes into account the new spelling norm and is intended for learners of German.

Russian-German Dictionary of Idioms © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2004, Yu.N. Afonkin, 1,200 entries

The dictionary includes about 1,200 idioms, literary quotations and aphorisms appearing in imaginative literature and journalism. This dictionary is a part of a dictionary series of Russian idioms translated into foreign languages. Russian idioms are given equivalents in German; in addition, the idioms' origins and usage are explained.
The dictionary is intended for foreign students learning or teaching Russian as well as German language specialists.
New German spelling rules are used in this edition.

"Spanish–Russian dictionary © ABBYY Press, 2012
This dictionary includes 52,475 common words, meanings, and expressions of modern Spanish and Russian. Words with multiple meanings are represented by key meanings with example sentences of their use.
The end of each part of the dictionary is accompanied by a separate list of geographical names.
The dictionary is most useful in preparing for Spanish language exams, and particularly for the Unified State Exam.
The dictionary is ideal for schoolchildren and students, as well as for all students of the Spanish language.
Russian–Spanish Dictionary © ABBYY Press, 2012
This dictionary includes 52,475 common words, meanings, and expressions of modern Spanish and Russian. Words with multiple meanings are represented by key meanings with example sentences of their use.
The end of each part of the dictionary is accompanied by a separate list of geographical names.
The dictionary is most useful in preparing for Spanish language exams, and particularly for the Unified State Exam.
The dictionary is ideal for schoolchildren and students, as well as for all students of the Spanish language."

The Latin-Russian Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, I.Kh. Dvoretsky. 200,000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary contains over 200,000 words and phrases, including words from Vulgar Latin texts, and can be used to read and translate all the major surviving literary works, historical texts, legal documents, the most important texts of Christian patristic writings, and some works that were written in Latin before the second half of the 7th century.
The Dictionary is intended for philologists and professionals who need to refer to Latin sources in the course of their work. The Dictionary will also be of help to students of Latin.

The German-Russian Active Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2003, Z.M. Liubimowa. 20,000 words and phrases.

This is the second revised edition of The Dictionary of Most Common German Words, which was first published in 1990. The Dictionary contains 20,000 words, collocations, and idioms which are required for elementary communication.
The Dictionary is based on the Dictionary of Most Common German Words by I.W. Rachmanow (Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1967) supplemented by 2,000 stylistically neutral words which are commonly used in everyday conversations and enter into a large number of word combinations.
Practically all word combinations which can be made up of the words in this Dictionary are presented. Headwords are provided with grammar labels. New German spelling, effective as of 1998, is used throughout. The Dictionary is intended for pupils, students, and those who study German on their own.

Typical Mistakes in German Usage. German-Russian Learner’s Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk – Media, 2005, K. V. Archangelskaya, 750 entries.

The dictionary contains some 500 common German usage errors made by Russian speakers.
It is meant for a vast range of users: students, teachers, and people who use German professionally.
The author is a professor at the Moscow City Pedagogical University.

The Dictionary of Austria. © 2003, N.W. Murawlewa, E.N. Murawlewa., more than 5,000 entries.

The Dictionary contains more than 5,000 entries describing realities of political, economic, cultural and daily life in Austria. Every German term or word group has Russian translation and the description of the corresponding facts and historical events in the Russian language.
The Dictionary covers the following topics: traditions, customs, holidays, way of life, religion, places of interest, historical events, literature, theater, cinema, architecture, fine arts, music, mass media, education and science, sport, tourism, nature, state system, economics, transport, and social welfare. Key personalities are also described for each of the topics.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of users with different levels of language skill. Translators, teachers of the German language, linguists, diplomats, businessmen and students alike will find much interesting and useful information in this Dictionary.

Compact SilverLine Universalgrosswoerterbuch Deutsche Rechtschreibung, © 2007 by Compact Verlag GmbH, Munich. 100000 entries.

The Universal Dictionary of German offers around 100,000 headwords from all fields. Hundreds of usage notes, exercises and sample sentences give you the perfect linguistic skills.

Compact SilverLine Grosswoerterbuch French, © 2004 by Compact Verlag GmbH, Munich. 100000 entries.

The most concise and up-to-date bilingual dictionary - Compact SilverLine French available with more than 100,000 headwords and includes special additional information on everyday expressions, examples of use, and supplementary grammar.

Compact SilverLine Polish, © 2005 by Compact Verlag GmbH, Munich. License edition on the basis of "Kieszonkowy slownik niemiecko-polski, polsko-niemiecki" by J. Czochralski. St. Schimitzek, Ewa T. Patynska with permission of the publisher Wiedza Powszechna, Warsaw, Poland. 45000 entries.

Compact SilverLine provides business people, students and travellers with a modern practical Polish dictionary featuring 45,000 headwords. An excellent coverage of new expressions and phrases including phonetic script.

German-Russian Communication Dictionary. M.D. Gorodnikova, D.O. Dobrovolsky. © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2003

The dictionary contains various trite expressions, including standard phrases embodying speech etiquette as well as descriptions and images of mimics and gestures specific to nations.
Trite expressions are stylistically labeled, translated into Russian and provided together with the description of their usage prerequisites. Practical usage of the vocabulary entries in speech is illustrated using examples of dialogs and their translations.
The dictionary is intended for philology students as well as a wide audience interested in the German language.

Compact SilverLine Grosswoerterbuch Spanisch, © 2003 by Compact Verlag GmbH, Munich. 100000 entries.

Compact SilverLine Spanish is a modern easy-to-use dictionary designed to suit the needs of all learners. With more than 100,000 headwords, contemporary idioms and technical terms.

Compact SilverLine Universalwoerterbuch Italian, © 2004 by Compact Verlag GmbH, Munich. 80000 entries.

Compact SilverLine Italian is the concise reference work on Italian with more than 80,000 headwords.

Dictionary: Polish-Ukrainian. Ukrainian-Polish. © Perun publishing and trade firm, 2004, 2007 © Perun publishing and trade firm, 2007 © Compiled by A. Malecka, Z. Landowski, 2007. Edited by V.Busel

The dictionary contains widely used modern vocabulary and special terms used in Polish and Ukrainian. Words and phrases follow current spelling rules in both languages. Transcriptions of both Polish and Ukrainian registers have been used for the first time.
The dictionary is intended for high school students, college and university students, postgraduate students, teachers of Polish and Ukrainian, language learners, and everybody who uses these languages on a daily basis.

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary, © ITF Perun, 2009, V. Busel, 250.000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary is based on the Comprehensive Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Ukrainian Language which went through five editions and was approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The sources for the English part of the Dictionary include more than 30 modern dictionaries such as Webster's, Oxford, and Random House as well as bilingual special dictionaries. What sets this Dictionary apart from other available dictionaries is the fact that it is the closest to a comprehensive dictionary of the literary language with terms from almost all branches of science and technology.

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary, © ITF Perun, 2009, V. Busel, 250.000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary is based on the Comprehensive Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Ukrainian Language which went through five editions and was approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The sources for the English part of the Dictionary include more than 30 modern dictionaries such as Webster's, Oxford, and Random House as well as bilingual special dictionaries. What sets this Dictionary apart from other available dictionaries is the fact that it is the closest to a comprehensive dictionary of the literary language with terms from almost all branches of science and technology.

The Comprehensive Dictionary of the Contemporary Ukrainian Language. © Perun Publishers, 2005. 250,000 words and phrases.

The Comprehensive Dictionary of the Contemporary Ukrainian Language is an all-round reference book, combining the comprehensive coverage of an academic work with the conciseness of a one-volume edition. The Dictionary contains about 250,000 words and phrases, including those that have come into the language in the last decade. Besides the core Ukrainian lexis, the Dictionary also includes major science and technology terms and words describing the facts of contemporary industry, culture, and daily life. Encyclopaedic comments provided in some of the entries distinguish the Dictionary from similar reference works.
The Dictionary is intended as an easy-to use reference book for a general readership: senior pupils, students, postgraduates, teachers of Ukrainian, and for all learners and speakers of Ukrainian.

Pronouncing Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language © Perun publishing and trade firm, 2008

The pronouncing dictionary is a practical manual of rules for standard pronunciation of vowels and consonants, literary language, and syllable stress in the contemporary Ukrainian language.
It is intended for Ukrainian language instruction at schools, language departments of universities, grammar schools, and lyceums.

The Ukrainian-English Dictionary. Economics, Finance, Banking, Investments, Bank Loans. © 2003, S. Ya. Yermolenko, V. I. Yermolenko. 12,500 entries.

The Dictionary contains terms used in banking, finance, and investment and terms from related fields such as law, international trade, customs, insurance, pricing, environment protection, IT, communications, and the operation of international financial institutions.
The Dictionary is intended for interpreters, people working in banks and finance departments, students and lecturers of banking and financial colleges and schools, businessmen, and for all those interested in the subject.
The Dictionary does not purport to be a comprehensive work, nor to give all the senses of the listed terms.

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary. Economics, Finance, Banking, Investments, Bank Loans. © 2002, S. Ya. Yermolenko, V. I. Yermolenko. 12,500 entries.

The Dictionary contains terms used in banking, finance, and investment and terms from related fields such as law, international trade, customs, insurance, pricing, environment protection, IT, communications, and the operation of international financial institutions.
The Dictionary is intended for interpreters, people working in banks and finance departments, students and lecturers of banking and financial colleges and schools, businessmen, and for all those interested in the subject.
The Dictionary does not purport to be a comprehensive work, nor to give all the senses of the listed terms.

The Ukrainian-English Index to the English-Ukrainian Law Dictionary*. 75,000 entries.

The New Comprehensive French-Russian Phraseological Dictionary. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, V.G. Gak. 50,000 entries.

The New Comprehensive French-Russian Phraseological Dictionary is the most complete of all the existing French-Russian phraseological dictionaries. It has been compiled on the basis of the French-Russian phraseological dictionary edited by Y.I. Retsker. The Dictionary now has updated and renewed expressions, quotations and examples.
The dictionary is meant for specialists working with the French language, translators, researchers, teachers, students, and for all those who are interested in the French language, as well as for foreign specialists who study the Russian language.

KD French-Dutch Dictionary

KD French-Dutch Dictionary covers the most current vocabulary of the French language today with equivalents in Dutch. It includes short definitions for each sense of the entry, as well as examples of usage and phrases, their translations, and other language and grammar information. The dictionary is ideal for both speakers of French learning or using Dutch and speakers of Dutch learning or using French. The Dictionary contains 14 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.


KD Dutch-French Dictionary

KD Dutch-French Dictionary covers the most current vocabulary of the Dutch language today with equivalents in French. It includes short definitions for each sense of the entry, as well as examples of usage and phrases, their translations, and other language and grammar information. The dictionary is ideal for both speakers of Dutch learning or using French and speakers of French learning or using Dutch. The Dictionary contains 14 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

Active French-Russian Dictionary / V.G. Gak, J. Triomphe © Russkiy yazyk - Media, 2008, 150,000 words and phrases.

The dictionary covers over 150,000 words and phrases of the contemporary French language and includes a large number of collocations. Illustrative material points at typical lexical, structural and grammatical differences between the two languages. Russian words are accompanied by their grammar characteristics.
For learners of the Russian language in French-speaking countries. The dictionary will also be useful for learners of the French language.

The Spanish-Russian Dictionary of Latin America. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2004, N.M. Firsova. 50,000 words and phrases.

The Dictionary contains the words in common use in the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America. It includes not only words which belong to standard Spanish as spoken in Latin America but also colloquial, demotic, and slang words and expressions.
The Dictionary is intended for students, post-graduates, language teachers, journalists, translators, and for all those who regularly speak and write Spanish. It may also prove useful to Spanish-speaking students of Russian from Latin America.

The Spanish-Russian Dictionary of Modern Usage. © Russkiy Yazyk - Media, 2005, A.V. Sadikov, B.P. Narumov. 100,000 words and expressions.

This active-type Dictionary contains more than 100,000 words and expressions typical of the modern Spanish language. Their meanings are described not as isolated items but in the interconnection with the context. The Dictionary includes morphological, stylistic and sociolinguistical properties of words and expressions, their collocability. The selected vocabulary reflects modern language use and phraseology of contempopary fiction, mass media and oral speech in Spain and Latin America.
The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of university professors and students, linguists, and translators.

Larousse - Spanish basic dictionary. D.R. © 2011 Ediciones Larousse, S.A. de C.V. Renacimiento 180, C.P. 02400, México, D.F. 30,000 entries and 75,000 definitions.

Easily find definitions and complete information about each word. More than 30,000 entries and 75,000 definitions. Conjugation tables showing the inflected forms of the verbs.

The entries include:

• Part-of-speech labels, conjugation tables (where necessary)
• Area and form of usage
• Collocations and idioms
• Synonyms and antonyms
• Numerous examples for better understanding of the meanings

Larousse - Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. D.R. © 2011 Ediciones Larousse, S.A. de C.V. Renacimiento 180, C.P. 02400, México, D.F.110,000 synonyms, 18,000 antonyms.

This dictionary includes synonyms and antonyms which are used in Spanish- speaking countries, including local terms used in Latin America.

This is a quick reference tool, which offers:

• 110,000 synonyms
• 18,000 antonyms
• 36,000 entries and senses
• Latin American words
• Numerous senses that the nuances of usage, with corresponding antonyms, when they exist
• Functions and levels of language
• Words and phrases in context illustrating their usage
• Regional labels
• Cross-references to other entries
• Definitions for words that have different meanings in different regions

KD Chinese(Simplified)-French Dictionary

KD Chinese(Simplified)-French Dictionary covers the most current vocabulary of the Chinese(Simplified) language today with equivalents in French. It includes short definitions for each sense of the entry, as well as examples of usage and phrases, their translations, and other language and grammar information. The dictionary is ideal for both speakers of Chinese learning or using French and speakers of French learning or using Chinese. The Dictionary contains 14 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

KD Portuguese(Portugal)-French Dictionary

KD Portuguese(Portugal)-French Dictionary covers the most current vocabulary of the Portuguese language today with equivalents in French. It includes short definitions for each sense of the entry, as well as examples of usage and phrases, their translations, and other language and grammar information. The dictionary is ideal for both speakers of Portuguese learning or using French and speakers of French learning or using Portuguese. The Dictionary contains 14 000 words and phrases.

© 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders.

We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark.

"KD Portuguese(Portugal)-French Dictionary KD Portuguese(Portugal)-French Dictionary covers the most current vocabulary of the Portuguese language today with equivalents in French. It includes short definitions for each sense of the entry, as well as examples of usage and phrases, their translations, and other language and grammar information. The dictionary is ideal for both speakers of Portuguese learning or using French and speakers of French learning or using Portuguese. The Dictionary contains 14 000 words and phrases. © 2008 K Dictionaries, © 2008 ABBYY for this electronic version. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. We have made every effort to mark as such all words which we believe to be trademarks. We should also like to make it clear that the presence of a word in the dictionary, whether marked or unmarked, in no way affects its legal status as a trademark. Kernerman French – Portuguese Dictionary © 2012 K DICTIONARIES LTD. All rights reserved. French: Nathalie Lanckriet (chief editor), Marine Lesprit, Valérie Lecoeur, Frédérique Melanie-Becquet, Emilienne Morruzzi, Caroline Moulart-Fremaux … Portuguese translation: Lúcia Liba Mucznik This fully bilingual dictionary consists of approximately 14 000 words and phrases and 36 000 translated items. It includes a clear definition for each meaning of the entry, examples of usage, and a translation for every sense and example. This dictionary was compiled according to the highest modern lexicographic standards and it offers the most up-to-date vocabulary."